Climate-Resilient Regenerative Viticulture and Winemaking: A Transdisciplinary Scoping Review

Climate change is altering viticulture through interacting shifts in heat accumulation, water availability, radiation, soil processes, pest and pathogen pressure, wine composition, and the geography of suitable production areas. Existing reviews have treated many of these processes separately, leaving a gap in how regenerative and precision-supported adaptation can be evaluated as a coupled agroecosystem strategy. This transdisciplinary review synthesises literature on climate impacts and adaptation pathways in the vine and wine sector using a structured scoping/narrative methodology. Searches of major scientific databases and grey-literature sources were organised around grapevine physiology, soil-water dynamics, biodiversity and biosecurity, cool-climate expansion, winemaking, decision support, and economics. Evidence was screened using explicit inclusion criteria and synthesised through a thematic framework linking climate drivers to agroecosystem functions and management responses. The review shows that robust adaptation is unlikely to arise from single interventions such as irrigation, variety substitution or digital monitoring alone. The highest resilience potential is found in integrated systems that combine soil organic matter restoration, reduced tillage, cover crops, habitat diversification and vitiforestry, adaptive plant material, organic/IPM protection, precision irrigation, and AI-supported decision systems. However, the evidence base remains uneven, especially for long-term economic performance, trade-offs in dry regions, regulatory constraints on resistant cultivars, and field validation of digital tools. The paper contributes an analytical framework for regenerative, climate-resilient viticulture and identifies priority research needs for internationally relevant, economically viable and ecologically restorative wine production.